We need a bit of correction here.
Palestine has existed for over 3,000 years;
1. The Torah refers to it as Plesheth. It's Philistine in modern english.
2. The OT of the bible refers to it as PHILLISTIA (old english), but it was originally called Canaan (Cane and Able story)
3. The Greeks and Romans referred to it as Palaistinê or Palaestina, respectively.
4. Through history, it retained a version of the name, up to the modern day.
Palestine became muslim in 636 AD, when Mohamed and his horde took Syria and Palestine from the Roman Empire.
The UK issued the Balfour Declaration in 1916 in hopes of gathering support from neutral countries during WW1. This said that jews should be given a homeland in Palestine. This created a huge rift between jews on both sides of the zionist issue.
At the end of WW1, the British got control of Palestine through the Palestine Mandate.
Previously, the jews who lived in the area were pretty peaceful, but once the British took over, jews committed terrorism at an alarming rate.